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Rieucros Camp
The Rieucros Camp was an internment camp on a forested hillside near Mende in the French department of Lozère that operated from January 1939 to February 1942.〔The US Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives holds a digitized copy of selections from the Departmental Archives of Lozère that relate to the camp, finding aid here: http://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn35835〕 Prime Minister Édouard Daladier established the camp by decree on January 21, 1939 to isolate members of the International Brigades from French society after the defeat of the Second Spanish Republic and subsequent exile, known as ''la Retirada'', in the Spanish Civil War. Other "suspicious and undesirable foreign men," sometimes accused of common law crimes, were also interned. After France's entry into World War II, authorities transferred the men to the camp of le Vernet and began to intern "suspicious and undesirable foreign women" in October 1939. Following the Battle of France, Rieucros fell in the southern unoccupied zone and the Vichy regime assumed control of the camp from Third Republican authorities. In February 1942, authorities transferred the entire camp population of women and children to the camp of Brens.
==Background==
In the late 1930s, the French Third Republic increasingly restricted immigration as increasing numbers of political refugees fled ascendant European dictatorships.〔Timothy P. Maga, "Closing the Door: The French Government and Refugee Policy, 1933-1939," in ''French Historical Studies'': http://www.jstor.org/stable/286530〕 Prime Minister Édouard Daladier of the Radical Party circumvented Parliament to issue a series of decree laws that closed avenues of legal immigration and punished illegal immigration in 1938 and 1939, reversing the nation's tradition of being a country of asylum.〔Otto Kirschheimer, "Decree Powers and Constitutional Law in France under the Third Republic," in ''American Political Science Review'': http://www.jstor.org/stable/1948192〕 Daladier's decree of November 12, 1938 gave the state the power to intern foreigeners in camps.
As the Spanish Civil War came to a close in the first months of 1939, the armies of soon to be dictator Francisco Franco drove nearly 500,000 refugees north across the border with France.〔Louis Stein, ''Beyond Death and Exile. The Spanish Republicans in France, 1939-1955'' (1979)〕 The French Third Republic responded by creating a series of internment camps to house and confine the refugees, the first of which was Rieucros. Historians cite French fears of social revolution and civil war,〔Stein, ''Beyond Death and Exile'', page 45〕 xenophobia, and the notion that foreign antifascists fleeing Franco, Mussolini, and Hitler wanted to draw France into another European war "to satisfy their personal lust for revenge"〔Maud Mandel, ''In the Aftermath of Genocide: Armenians and Jews in Twentieth-Century France'', (2003), page 42〕 as motivating factors for France's hostile reception of refugees during this time. As a result, the majority of the interned populations in France on the eve of World War II were the first victims and opponents of European fascism, allowing for a near seamless takeover by the collaborationist Vichy regime when the Third Republic fell to the Third Reich in June 1940.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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